In most parts of Nigeria, particularly the rural communities, the issue of access to clean and safe water, sanitation and good hygiene practices is a major challenge. Attarkar is only one out of many rural communities with water, sanitation and hygiene related problems. However, based on a needs assessment within the various communities where WISE works, the choice of Attarkar as the beneficiary of the Pilot Project became necessary due to the high prevalence of water related diseases, inadequate sanitary facilities and very poor hygiene practices within the community. The major sources of water in this community include streams, rivers and unprotected wells which are highly contaminated. It is also noteworthy that the income level of the people is very low and their standard of living is quite poor.